The term "al mulk" functions as a noun phrase. It is composed of the Arabic definite article "al-" (meaning "the") and the noun "mulk." This noun translates to sovereignty, dominion, kingship, ownership, or kingdom. The word's etymology is traced to the Semitic root M-L-K, which is fundamentally associated with the concepts of ruling and possessing.
In its primary theological context within Islam, the term signifies the absolute, all-encompassing sovereignty that belongs exclusively to God (Allah). It is a divine attribute that distinguishes God's ultimate authority from the limited and temporal authority held by humans. While humans can possess a form of "mulk" (such as a kingdom or material possessions), this is considered delegated, temporary, and subject to divine will. This concept is central to divine names like Mlik al-Mulk ("Master of all Sovereignty") and al-Malik ("The Sovereign King"). The 67th chapter of the Qur'an is named Srat al-Mulk, and its content extensively explores the theme of God's absolute power over creation and existence.
Understanding this term as a noun is critical because it defines a foundational theological principle, not merely an action or a descriptor. It establishes a worldview where ultimate authority and ownership are vested solely in the divine. Consequently, any power or dominion held by human beings is interpreted as a form of stewardship (khilfah), demanding accountability, justice, and responsible management rather than absolute and arbitrary control.
