Patriots' Day, known in French as Journe nationale des patriotes, is a statutory general holiday observed in the Canadian province of Quebec on the Monday preceding May 25. Officially established in 2003, it commemorates the Patriotes' Rebellion of 18371838. This event was a pivotal moment in Quebec's history, representing a struggle for political reform, democratic principles, and responsible government against the authority of the British colonial power in what was then Lower Canada. The holiday replaced the observance of Victoria Day, which is celebrated in the rest of Canada on the same date.
The historical context for the holiday is rooted in the political tensions of the early 19th century. The Patriote movement, led by figures such as Louis-Joseph Papineau, sought to reform the colonial political system, which granted significant power to a British-appointed governor and a ruling elite known as the Chteau Clique. In 1834, the Patriotes articulated their grievances and demands in the "Ninety-Two Resolutions," calling for an elected legislative council and executive accountability to the elected assembly. The British government's rejection of these demands through the Russell Resolutions in 1837 triggered armed uprisings. Although the rebellions were ultimately suppressed by British forces, they were a catalyst for significant political change, including the recommendations of the Durham Report and the eventual establishment of responsible government.
The creation of this public holiday is a significant symbolic act that underscores Quebec's distinct historical narrative. By choosing to honor the Patriotes instead of Queen Victoria, the province emphasizes its republican and democratic heritage over its colonial, monarchical past. The day serves as an annual remembrance of a foundational struggle for political liberty and national affirmation, reflecting a key aspect of modern Quebec identity. It is marked by public ceremonies, historical reenactments, and educational activities that highlight the principles for which the Patriotes fought.
